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On the other hand, the identity of a database row is expressed as the primary key value. As you ll see in chapter 9, section 9.2, Object identity and equality, neither equals() nor == is naturally equivalent to the primary key value. It s common for several nonidentical objects to simultaneously represent the same row of the database, for example, in concurrently running application threads. Furthermore, some subtle difficulties are involved in implementing equals() correctly for a persistent class. Let s discuss another problem related to database identity with an example. In our table definition for USERS, we used USERNAME as a primary key. Unfortunately, this decision makes it difficult to change a username; we need to update not only the USERNAME column in USERS, but also the foreign key column in BILLING_ DETAILS. To solve this problem, later in the book we ll recommend that you use surrogate keys whenever you can t find a good natural key (we ll also discuss what makes a key good). A surrogate key column is a primary key column with no meaning to the user; in other words, a key that isn t presented to the user and is only used for identification of data inside the software system. For example, we may change our table definitions to look like this:

21

Installing Windows XP Professional (1.0)

create table USERS ( USER_ID bigint not null primary key, USERNAME varchar(15) not null unique, NAME varchar(50) not null, ... ) create table BILLING_DETAILS ( BILLING_DETAILS_ID bigint not null primary key, ACCOUNT_NUMBER VARCHAR(10) not null unique, ACCOUNT_NAME VARCHAR(50) not null, ACCOUNT_TYPE VARCHAR(2) not null, USER_ID bigint foreign key references USER )

Correct Answers: D A. Incorrect: Setup Manager is a tool for creating answer files to automate the installation of Windows XP Professional or to fully automate a SysPrep installation routine. B. Incorrect: The SysPrep tool is used for deploying Windows XP Professional onto multiple computers by using disk cloning. SysPrep assigns a unique security ID to each destination computer the first time the computer is restarted. This tool is not used for managing service packs or for adding and removing optional Windows components. C. Incorrect: In previous versions of Windows, you had to reapply the most recent service pack after installing any additional components from the installation media. Windows XP Professional overcomes this limitation by ensuring that all the files included with a service pack are installed to the appropriate folders on the hard disk, even those that are not currently needed. When an optional component is added to a system with a newer service pack, the most recent files are automatically retained, eliminating the need to reapply the service pack. D. Correct: For the reasons noted in answer C, it is not necessary to reapply the service pack.

Correct Answers: A A. Correct: This is the only information sent to Microsoft. B. Incorrect: Although this information is sent to Microsoft during the registration process, it is not sent during product activation. Registration is a voluntary step that users can choose to bypass product activation is required to continue running Windows XP Professional for more than 30 days after installation. C. Incorrect: No personal information, especially financial information, is sent to Microsoft. D. Incorrect: The Windows XP Professional PID is sent to Microsoft; however, only portions of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE hive are sent.

The USER_ID and BILLING_DETAILS_ID columns contain system-generated values. These columns were introduced purely for the benefit of the data model, so how

Correct Answers: C A. Incorrect: Performing an upgrade installation does not allow you to change the product activation key. B. Incorrect: Although this procedure does work, it would be extremely time-consuming. C. Correct: This procedure is the most efficient way to apply a valid product activation key to Windows XP. It is described more fully in Microsoft Knowledge Base article 328874. D. Incorrect: The product key is not an environment variable; it can be changed only by using the Msoobe.exe tool.

Perform Post-Installation Updates and Product Activation 21-41

Long storedItemId = (Long) item1.get("id"); Session session = getSessionFactory().openSession(); session.beginTransaction(); Map loadedItemMap = (Map) session.load("ItemEntity", storedItemId); loadedItemMap.put("initialPrice", new BigDecimal(100)); session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close();

Correct Answers: B and C A. Incorrect: Service Pack 2 does not add a program group to the Windows XP Start menu. B. Correct: The easiest way to manually remove Service Pack 2 is to use Add Or Remove Programs. C. Correct: You can uninstall Service Pack 2 from a command line by running the Spuninst.exe application. D. Incorrect: The Setup.exe application cannot be used to remove Service Pack 2.